{"id":2266,"date":"2019-12-03T10:52:24","date_gmt":"2019-12-03T09:52:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/?page_id=2266"},"modified":"2024-05-15T13:57:11","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T11:57:11","slug":"the-doppler-effect-and-its-nobel-prize-winners","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/en\/the-doppler-effect-and-its-nobel-prize-winners\/","title":{"rendered":"The Doppler effect and its Nobel Prize Winners"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Through his discovery of dynamite and the patent granted him (1867), Swedish inventor and chemist Alfred Nobel (1833\u20131896) quickly built up a considerable fortune. In his will and testament he stated that his fortune should be used to “create a fund, the yearly interest on which should be distributed as a prize to those who have contributed the most to humanity in the past year” (since 1901 called the Nobel Prize). The sum was to be divided equally into five for prizes in the following areas: physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the time, no one knew the extent of the impact Doppler’s discovery would have on the development of some of these scientific areas. Currently, 24 Nobel Prizes have been awarded for achievements in medicine, technology, and natural sciences which would not have been possible without the use of the Doppler effect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2020<\/p><\/div><\/div>

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Study of black holes and the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Roger Penrose<\/a> (* 1931, University of Oxford, UK)
<\/strong>Rationale for the award: \u201cfor the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity\u201d<\/em>“

Andrea Ghez<\/a> (* 1965, University of California, Los Angeles, USA) und Reinhard Genzel<\/a> (* 1952, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany and University of California, Berkeley, USA)
<\/strong>Rationale for the award: \u201cfor the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy\u201d<\/em>

https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/physics\/2020\/advanced-information\/<\/a>
https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/physics\/2020\/press-release<\/a>

Bild (Penrose): Wikipedia\/Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 3.0<\/a>), Link<\/a>
Bild (Ghez): zimbio.com, Link<\/a>
Bild (Genzel): Wikipedia\/Wikimedia Commons (cc-b<\/a>CC BY 3.0<\/a>), Link<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

2019<\/p><\/div><\/div>

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Discovery of the first exoplanet (Mayor & Queloz) and theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology (Peebles)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n


Michel Mayor<\/a> (* 1942, Schweiz), Didier Queloz<\/a> (* 1966, Schweiz)<\/strong>
Rationale for the award: “for the discovery of an exoplanet<\/a> orbiting a solar-type star<\/a>.”

Image (left): European Southern Observatory, Wikipedia\/Wikimedia Commons (cc-by-sa-2.0<\/a>), CC BY-SA 2.0<\/a>, Link<\/a>
Image (right): M.McCaughrean (ESA)\/ESO, Wikipedia\/Wikimedia Commons (cc-by-sa-4.0<\/a>), CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>, Link<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

2011<\/p><\/div><\/div>

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Discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae<\/h3>\n\n\n\n


Saul Perlmutter<\/a> (1959 – , USA), Brian P. Schmidt<\/a> (1967 – , USA) und Adam Riess<\/a> (1969 – , USA)<\/strong>
Rationale for the award: “for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe<\/a> through observations of distant supernovae<\/a>.”

Image: Saul Perlmutter by Holger Motzkau, Wikipedia\/Wikimedia Commons (cc-by-sa-3.0<\/a>), CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>, Link<\/a>
Image: Brian P. Schmidt by Tim Wetherell \u2013 photo taken by Tim Wetherell, CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>, Link<\/a>
Image: Adam Riess by Holger Motzkau, Wikipedia\/Wikimedia Commons (cc-by-sa-3.0<\/a>), CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>, Link<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

2006<\/p><\/div><\/div>

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Research on cosmic background radiation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n


John Cromwell Mather<\/a> (1946 – , USA) and George Smoot<\/a> (1945 – , USA)<\/strong>
Rationale for the award: “for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation<\/a>.”

Image: George Smoot by Nomo<\/a> michael hoefner http:\/\/www.zwo5.de<\/a> \u2013 Own work, CC BY 3.0<\/a>, Link<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

2005<\/p><\/div><\/div>

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Contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n


John Lewis Hall<\/a> (1934 – , USA) and Theodor H\u00e4nsch<\/a> (1941 – , Germany)<\/strong>

Rationale for the award: “for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique<\/a>.\u201c

Image: Theodor H\u00e4nsch | Authorship not indicated in a machine readable format. Blinking Spirit<\/a> is assumed to be the rights holder (based on rights-holder indications). Authorship not indicated in a machine readable format. It is assumed that it is an own work (based on the rights-holder indications)., CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>, Link<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

2001<\/p><\/div><\/div>

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For the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates<\/h3>\n\n\n\n


Eric Allin Cornell<\/a> (1961 – , USA), Wolfgang Ketterle<\/a> (1957 – , Germany) and Carl Edwin Wieman<\/a> (1951 – , Germany)<\/strong>
Rationale for the award: “for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation<\/a> in dilute gases of alkali atoms<\/a> and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates.”

Image: Eric Allin Cornell by Betsythedevine<\/a> \u2013 Own Work, CC-BY-SA 4.0<\/a>, Link<\/a>
Image: Wolfgang Ketterle by Kzirkel<\/a> \u2013 Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>, Link<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

1997<\/p><\/div><\/div>

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Development of methods to cool and trap atoms with the help of lasers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n


Steven Chu<\/a> (1948 – , USA), Claude Cohen-Tannoudji<\/a> (1933 – , France, born in Algeria) und William Daniel Phillips<\/a> (1948 – , USA)<\/strong>

Rationale for the award: “for development of methods to cool<\/a> and trap<\/a> atoms with laser light<\/a>.”
Image: Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (2007) by Amir Bernat<\/a> \u2013 I phtographed., GFDL<\/a>, Link<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

1989<\/p><\/div><\/div>

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Development of the Ion Trap Technique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n


Wolfgang Paul<\/a> (1913\u20131993, Germany) and Hans Georg Dehmelt<\/a> (1922-2017, USA \u2013 born in Germany)<\/strong>

Rationale for the award: “for their development of the ion trap technique”<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

1981<\/p><\/div><\/div>

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Contribution to the development of laser-spectroscopy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n


Nicolaas Bloembergen<\/a> (1920-2017, USA, born in the Netherlands) and Arthur Leonard Schawlow<\/a> (1921\u20131999, USA)<\/strong>

Rationale for award: “for their contributions to the development of Laser-spectroscopy”<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

1961<\/p><\/div><\/div>

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Research into the resonant and recoil-free emission and absorption of gamma radiation – the M\u00f6ssbauer effect.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n


Rudolf L. M\u00f6\u00dfbauer<\/a> (1929 \u2013 2011, Germany)<\/strong>
Rationale for the award: “for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation<\/a> and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name<\/a>“<\/em>

Born in Munich, and at the age of 32, the youngest Nobel Prize winner at the time, M\u00f6ssbauer discovered the following phenomenon: If an atomic nucleus is held within a crystal, its absorbtion behaviour is different to when it is in a free state, and in accordance with the Doppler frequency shift, the nucleus displays a different spectral line pattern.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

1919<\/p><\/div><\/div>

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Proof of the Doppler effect through canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields<\/h3>\n\n\n\n


Johannes Stark<\/a> (1874\u20131957, Germany)<\/strong>
Rationale for the award: “for his discovery of the Doppler effect<\/a> in canal rays<\/a> and the splitting of spectral lines<\/a> in electric fields” (Stark-effect<\/a>)<\/em>

The German physicist discovered the optical Doppler effect in canal rays in 1905. He could prove experimentally Doppler’s hypothesis that the movement of a source of light affected the frequency it emitted.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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