{"id":5385,"date":"2022-01-25T11:29:58","date_gmt":"2022-01-25T10:29:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/?page_id=5385"},"modified":"2024-04-30T11:16:37","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T09:16:37","slug":"doppleruv-jev","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/cs\/doppleruv-jev\/","title":{"rendered":"DOPPLER\u016eV JEV"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>Efekt, kter\u00fd pohnul sv\u011btem<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ani ve sv\u00fdch nejodv\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch snech by si vizion\u00e1\u0159 Christian Doppler snad nebyl pomyslil, jak\u00fd v\u00fdznam bude jednou m\u00edt jeho objev pro cel\u00e9 lidstvo, jak\u00e9 vlny vy\u0161le jeho pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/ueberdasfarbigel00doppuoft_Copyright-ungekl\u00e4rt.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201eO barevn\u00e9m sv\u011btle dvojhv\u011bzd\u201c<\/a> z roku 1840. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd jev nepozm\u011bnil na\u0161e vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta tak rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem jako pr\u00e1v\u011b Doppler\u016fv princip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cit\u00e1ty k Dopplerovu jevu:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O. Univ-Prof. Dr. Anton Zeilinger, 2003: Na symp\u00f3ziu v Salcburku, konan\u00e9m u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti 200. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed Dopplerova narozen\u00ed, prohl\u00e1sil prezident Rakousk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd Doppler\u016fv jev za \u201ejev tis\u00edcilet\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Albert Einstein, 1909: \u201eJedno, jakou formu nabude teorie elektromagnetick\u00fdch proces\u016f, Doppler\u016fv jev z\u016fstane zachov\u00e1n v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b.\u201c<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p><strong>Video s v\u00fdkladem<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube \"><div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" title=\"Der Doppler-Effekt\" style=\"width:640px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe\" id=\"WYL_2Qk_qL52Ua8\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><div><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2F2Qk_qL52Ua8%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"embedURL\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2Qk_qL52Ua8\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT2M55S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2017-11-06T14:09:00Z\" \/><\/div><div id=\"lyte_2Qk_qL52Ua8\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2F2Qk_qL52Ua8%2Fhqdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\" itemprop=\"name\">Der Doppler-Effekt<\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/2Qk_qL52Ua8\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-youtube-lyte\/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2F2Qk_qL52Ua8%2F0.jpg\" alt=\"Der Doppler-Effekt\" width=\"640\" height=\"340\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"Was ist der Doppler-Effekt und wo kommt er \u00fcberall vor? Dieses Animationsvideo beantwortet euch alle Fragen rund um den Jahrtausendeffekt. Weitere Infos zu Christian Doppler und dem nach ihm benannten Effekt gibt es auf https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:640px;margin:5px;\"><br\/><span class=\"lyte_disclaimer\">Mit dem Klick auf das Bild werden durch den mit uns gemeinsam Verantwortlichen Youtube (Google Ireland Limited) das Video abgespielt, auf Ihrem PC Skripte geladen und Cookies f\u00fcr die Dauer von bis zu 2 Jahren gespeichert sowie personenbezogene Daten erfasst. Mit Hilfe der Cookies ist Youtube in der Lage, die Aktivit\u00e4ten von Personen im Internet zu verfolgen und Werbung zielgruppengerecht auszuspielen. <a href=\"https:\/\/policies.google.com\/privacy?hl=de\">Datenschutzerkl\u00e4rung von Youtube<\/a>When you click on the image, Youtube (Google Ireland Limited), which is jointly responsible with us, plays the video, loads scripts on your PC, stores cookies for up to 2 years and collects personal data. With the help of the cookies, Youtube is able to track the activities of people on the Internet and to play out advertising tailored to the target group. <a href=\"https:\/\/policies.google.com\/privacy?hl=en\">Privacy policy of Youtube<\/a>When you click on the image, Youtube (Google Ireland Limited), which is jointly responsible with us, plays the video, loads scripts on your PC, stores cookies for up to 2 years and collects personal data. With the help of the cookies, Youtube is able to track the activities of people on the Internet and to play out advertising tailored to the target group. <a href=\"https:\/\/policies.google.com\/privacy?hl=ja\">Privacy policy of Youtube<\/a>Quando clicchi sull'immagine, Youtube (Google Ireland Limited), che \u00e8 corresponsabile con noi, riproduce il video, carica gli script sul tuo PC, memorizza i cookies per due anni e raccoglie dati personali. Con l'aiuto dei cookies, Youtube \u00e8 in grado di tracciare le attivit\u00e0 delle persone su Internet e di riprodurre pubblicit\u00e0 su misura per specifici gruppi target. <a href=\"https:\/\/policies.google.com\/privacy?hl=it\">Informativa sulla privacy di Youtube<\/a>When you click on the image, Youtube (Google Ireland Limited), which is jointly responsible with us, plays the video, loads scripts on your PC, stores cookies for up to 2 years and collects personal data. With the help of the cookies, Youtube is able to track the activities of people on the Internet and to play out advertising tailored to the target group. <a href=\"https:\/\/policies.google.com\/privacy?hl=ru\">Privacy policy of Youtube<\/a>Kliknut\u00edm na obr\u00e1zek se p\u0159ehraje video prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm spole\u010dn\u011b s n\u00e1mi odpov\u011bdn\u00e9ho subjektu YouTube (Google Ireland Limited), na va\u0161em PC se na\u010dtou skripty, ulo\u017e\u00ed se cookies a\u017e na dobu 2 let a zaznamenaj\u00ed se osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje. Pomoc\u00ed cookies je subjekt YouTube schopen sledovat aktivity osob na internetu a vys\u00edlat k c\u00edlov\u00fdm skupin\u00e1m reklamu. <a href=\"https:\/\/policies.google.com\/privacy?hl=cs\">Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f YouTube <\/a>When you click on the image, Youtube (Google Ireland Limited), which is jointly responsible with us, plays the video, loads scripts on your PC, stores cookies for up to 2 years and collects personal data. With the help of the cookies, Youtube is able to track the activities of people on the Internet and to play out advertising tailored to the target group. <a href=\"https:\/\/policies.google.com\/privacy?hl=es\">Privacy policy of Youtube<\/a>En cliquant sur l'image, Youtube (Google Ireland Limited), responsable conjointement avec nous, lit la vid\u00e9o, charge des scripts sur votre PC, enregistre des cookies pour une dur\u00e9e pouvant aller jusqu'\u00e0 2 ans et collecte des donn\u00e9es personnelles. Gr\u00e2ce aux cookies, Youtube est en mesure de suivre les activit\u00e9s des personnes sur Internet et de diffuser de la publicit\u00e9 en fonction du groupe cible. <a href=\"https:\/\/policies.google.com\/privacy?hl=fr\">D\u00e9claration de protection des donn\u00e9es de Youtube<\/a>\u5f53\u60a8\u70b9\u51fb\u56fe\u50cf\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684 Youtube (Google Ireland Limited) \u4f1a\u64ad\u653e\u89c6\u9891\u3001\u5728\u60a8\u7684\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u52a0\u8f7d\u811a\u672c\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u7f51\u7edc\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5668\u957f\u8fbe2\u5e74\u5e76\u6536\u96c6\u4e2a\u4eba\u6570\u636e\u3002 \u501f\u52a9\u7f51\u7edc\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5668\uff0cYoutube \u80fd\u591f\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u5e76\u64ad\u653e\u9488\u5bf9\u76ee\u6807\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u3002 <a href=\"https:\/\/policies.google.com\/privacy?hl=zh-hans\">YouTube\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u653f\u7b56<\/a>Ao clicar na imagem, o v\u00eddeo ser\u00e1 reproduzido pelo Youtube (Google Ireland Limited), que \u00e9 conjuntamente respons\u00e1vel connosco. Scripts ser\u00e3o carregados no seu PC, e cookies ser\u00e3o armazenados por at\u00e9 2 anos, al\u00e9m da recolha de dados pessoais. Com a ajuda dos cookies, o Youtube \u00e9 capaz de rastrear as atividades das pessoas na internet e exibir publicidade segmentada. <a href=\"https:\/\/policies.google.com\/privacy?hl=pt\">Declara\u00e7\u00e3o de privacidade do Youtube<\/a><\/span><\/div><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><!-- tailor:tailor_section:5df20be12e4a8 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"tailor-element tailor-section tailor-5df20be12e4a8\">\n<div class=\"tailor-section__content\">\n<p><!-- tailor:tailor_row:5df20be12e4a9 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"tailor-element tailor-content tailor-5df20be12e4b3\">\n<h2>Fyzika Dopplerova jevu<\/h2>\n<p>Doppler\u016fv jev lze popsat jako zm\u011bnu frekvence vlny v z\u00e1vislosti na pohybu jej\u00edho vys\u00edla\u010de a\/nebo p\u0159\u00edjemce. Klasick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm k vysv\u011btlen\u00ed Dopplerova jevu je sanitka proj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed kolem pozorovatele. Rychlost\u00ed vozu se kmito\u010det zvukov\u00e9 vlny p\u0159ed autem zvy\u0161uje a za autem sni\u017euje. Pozorovatel vn\u00edm\u00e1 pak tento jev jako rozd\u00edln\u011b vysok\u00fd t\u00f3n houka\u010dky: Ne\u017e k n\u011bmu sanitka p\u0159ijede, je t\u00f3n vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, jakmile se od n\u011bj sanita vzdaluje, je t\u00f3n ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-363 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/krankenwagen.jpg\" alt=\"Der Doppler Effekt: Einsatzfahrzeug mit Schallwellen\" width=\"599\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/krankenwagen.jpg 599w, https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/krankenwagen-300x51.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, 599px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Kmito\u010det se m\u011bn\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m se vys\u00edla\u010d a\/nebo p\u0159\u00edjemce pohybuje (nap\u0159. ve vzduchu). Ve sv\u00e9m standardn\u00edm d\u00edle \u201eUeber das farbige Licht der Dopplersterne und einiger anderer Gestirne des Himmels\u201c [\u201eO barevn\u00e9m sv\u011btle dvojhv\u011bzd a n\u011bkter\u00fdch jin\u00fdch hv\u011bzd na nebi\u201c] vydan\u00e9m v roce 1842 uvedl Doppler n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed rovnici k v\u00fdpo\u010dtu kmito\u010dtu vn\u00edman\u00e9ho p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010dem.<\/p>\n<p><small>V t\u00e9to rovnici plat\u00ed:<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-296\" src=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"17\" \/>\u00a0\u00a0 frekvence vn\u00edman\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edjma\u010dem <br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-299\" src=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"14\" height=\"17\" \/>\u00a0\u00a0 frekvence vys\u00edlan\u00e1 zdrojem <br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-307\" src=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/7-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"16\" height=\"11\" \/> \u00a0 rychlost p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de v relativn\u00edm pom\u011bru k prost\u0159ed\u00ed<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-309\" src=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/9.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"11\" \/>\u00a0\u00a0 rychlost zdroje v relativn\u00edm pom\u011bru k prost\u0159ed\u00ed a<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-308\" src=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/8.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"10\" height=\"11\" \/> \u00a0\u00a0 rychlost \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vlny v prost\u0159ed\u00ed (rychlost zvuku) <br \/><\/small><\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edpad 1:<\/strong> stacion\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d, pohybliv\u00fd vys\u00edla\u010d:<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-291\" src=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"113\" height=\"65\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edpad 2:<\/strong> stacion\u00e1rn\u00ed vys\u00edla\u010d, pohybliv\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjemce:<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-292\" src=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"128\" height=\"52\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Ob\u011b tyto rovnice popisuj\u00ed klasick\u00fd Doppler\u016fv jev. Podle nich je p\u016fsoben\u00ed zm\u011bny kmito\u010dtu z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na rychlosti, kterou se v relativn\u00edm pom\u011bru pohybuje vys\u00edla\u010d a p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d v prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vlny. V Dopplerov\u011b dob\u011b to p\u0159edstavovalo revolu\u010dn\u00ed poznatek. Ve sv\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed publikaci Doppler p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201eOd t\u011bchto \u010dist\u011b subjektivn\u00edch ustanovov\u00e1n\u00ed, nikoliv od objektivn\u00edch skutkov\u00fdch stav\u016f, je odvisl\u00e1 barva a intenzita vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011btla nebo v\u00fd\u0161ka a s\u00edla zvuku.\u201c<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>Doppler\u016fv jev a sv\u011btlo<\/h3>\n<p>Christian Doppler vych\u00e1zel z toho, \u017ee tento jev plat\u00ed pro v\u0161echny druhy vln\u011bn\u00ed. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd n\u00e1zor p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dal, \u017ee tak\u00e9 sv\u011btlo pot\u0159ebuje pro sv\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed (m\u00e9dium), jeho\u017e vlastnosti ov\u0161em nebyly zn\u00e1m\u00e9 a kter\u00e9 bylo ozna\u010dov\u00e1no jako \u201e\u00e9ter\u201c. A\u017e v roce 1881, resp. 1887 fyzikov\u00e9 Albert A. Michelson a Edward W. Morley experiment\u00e1ln\u011b prok\u00e1zali, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd takov\u00fd \u00e9ter pln\u00edc\u00ed funkci prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed sv\u011btla neexistuje (Michelson\u016fv-Morley\u016fv experiment).<strong> Dnes v\u00edme, \u017ee klasick\u00fd Doppler\u016fv jev plat\u00ed jen pro vln\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed v ur\u010dit\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. <\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_303\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-303\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-303\" src=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/7-300x112.png\" alt=\"CC: Tanja K\u00fchnel \/ aus dem Buch \" width=\"500\" height=\"187\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/7-300x112.png 300w, https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/7.png 598w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-303\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><small>CC: Tanja H\u00fchnel \/ z\u00a0publikace \u201cChristian Doppler \u2013 Der f\u00fcr die Menschheit bedeutendste Salzburger\u201d (Christian Doppler \u2013 Pro lidstvo nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Salcbur\u010dan) Clemense M. Huttera<br \/><\/small><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Doppler\u016fv jev se ale p\u0159esto t\u00fdk\u00e1 t\u00e9\u017e elektromagnetick\u00fdch vln, jak\u00fdmi je i sv\u011btlo a je\u017e pro sv\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 m\u00e9dium.<\/strong> Doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zm\u011bn\u011b barvy \u2013 sm\u011brem k modr\u00e9mu spektru, jestli\u017ee se vys\u00edla\u010d bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed k p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010di a vlny jsou \u201ezhu\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1ny\u201c, a v opa\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed k v\u00fdsledn\u00e9mu rud\u00e9mu posuvu, jeliko\u017e se vlny \u201eroztahuj\u00ed\u201c (viz obr\u00e1zek).<\/p>\n<p>U elektromagnetick\u00fdch vln tento jev ov\u0161em nez\u00e1vis\u00ed na relativn\u00edm pohybu mezi prost\u0159ed\u00edm umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010dem, resp. vys\u00edla\u010dem, n\u00fdbr\u017e pouze na relativn\u00edm pohybu mezi p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010dem a vys\u00edla\u010dem. Doppler\u016fv jev popisuj\u00edc\u00ed zm\u011bnu vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky sv\u011btla se z toho d\u016fvodu ozna\u010duje jako relativistick\u00fd Doppler\u016fv jev. Pro elektromagnetick\u00e9 vlny plat\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00e1 frekvence <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-296\" src=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"17\" \/> stoj\u00ed k vys\u00edlan\u00e9 frekvenci <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-299\" src=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"14\" height=\"17\" \/> v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm pom\u011bru:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"131\" height=\"67\" \/><\/p>\n<p>V t\u00e9to rovnici pro relativistick\u00fd Doppler\u016fv jev zna\u010d\u00ed c rychlost sv\u011btla 299 792 km\/s a relativn\u00ed rychlost mezi vys\u00edla\u010dem a p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010dem.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Praktick\u00e1 aplikace Dopplerovy rovnice<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edkladech si uk\u00e1\u017eeme dva specifick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zvukov\u00fdch vln ve vzduchu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti vysv\u011btlen\u00e9 prom\u011bnn\u00e9 dosad\u00edme do Dopplerovy rovnice jako odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed frekvenci a rychlost. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edpad 1:<\/strong> P\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d je v klidu relativn\u011b ke vzduchu, vys\u00edla\u010d (zdroj zvuku) se pohybuje rychlost\u00ed sm\u011brem k p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010di (-) nebo od p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de (+).<\/p>\n<p>Pro tento p\u0159\u00edpad plat\u00ed tato Dopplerova rovnice:<\/p>\n<h2><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-291\" src=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"113\" height=\"65\" \/><\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edklad: \u0158idi\u010d auta (vys\u00edla\u010d zvukov\u00fdch vln) proj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed rychlost\u00ed 130 km\/h (~36 m\/s) kolem chodce stoj\u00edc\u00edho na kraji vozovky (p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d zvukov\u00fdch vln). Proto\u017ee se \u0159idi\u010d auta a chodec dob\u0159e znaj\u00ed, zdrav\u00ed \u0159idi\u010d auta chodce dlouh\u00fdm zatrouben\u00edm. V\u00fd\u0161ka t\u00f3nu zatrouben\u00ed vykazuje kmito\u010det 1 000 Hz. Jakou v\u00fd\u0161ku zvuku chodec usly\u0161\u00ed?<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-365 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/auto.jpg\" alt=\"Der Doppler Effekt: Ausbreitung der Schallwellen\" width=\"800\" height=\"95\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/auto.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/auto-300x36.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/auto-768x91.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Chodec sly\u0161\u00ed b\u011bhem p\u0159ibli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed auta v\u00fd\u0161ku t\u00f3nu o frekvenci:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-520 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/1-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"382\" height=\"72\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/1-1.png 382w, https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/1-1-300x57.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 382px) 100vw, 382px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Jestli\u017ee se auto od p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de vzdaluje, v\u00fd\u0161ka t\u00f3nu kles\u00e1:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-521\" src=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"373\" height=\"69\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2-1.png 373w, https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2-1-300x55.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 373px) 100vw, 373px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee se v\u00fd\u0161ka t\u00f3nu b\u011bhem p\u0159ibli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed auta zvy\u0161uje o 118 Hz a naopak se p\u0159i jeho vzdalov\u00e1n\u00ed sni\u017euje o 96 Hz. Hodnota 1 000 Hz odpov\u00edd\u00e1 jako t\u00f3n p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b vysok\u00e9mu c\u2019\u2019\u2019, kter\u00e9 se do notov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu zapisuje na druhou linku nad notovou osnovou. Zm\u011bny v\u00fd\u0161ky t\u00f3nu b\u011bhem p\u0159ibli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a vzdalov\u00e1n\u00ed auta jsou v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jen nepatrn\u011b rozd\u00edln\u00e9, pon\u011bvad\u017e rozd\u00edl v\u00fd\u0161ky t\u00f3nu \u010din\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jen jeden p\u016flt\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"tailor-element tailor-content tailor-5df20be12e4b3\"><strong>P\u0159\u00edpad 2:<\/strong> Vys\u00edla\u010d (zdroj zvuku) je v klidu relativn\u011b ke vzduchu, p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d se pohybuje rychlost\u00ed sm\u011brem k vys\u00edla\u010di \u010di sm\u011brem (+) od vys\u00edla\u010de (-).<\/p>\n<p>Dopplerovu rovnici zap\u00ed\u0161eme v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b takto:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-292 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"128\" height=\"52\" \/><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edklad: \u0158idi\u010d auta je p\u0159\u00edjemcem a proj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed kolem zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho stoj\u00edc\u00edho na kraji vozovky (vys\u00edla\u010d) rychlost\u00ed 130 km\/h (~36 m\/s). Zn\u00e1m\u00fd m\u00e1 s sebou n\u00e1hodou houka\u010dku a pozdrav\u00ed proj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00edc\u00edho dlouh\u00fdm t\u00f3nem o frekvenci 1 000 Hz.<\/p>\n<p>\u0158idi\u010d auta sly\u0161\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159ibli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00f3n o frekvenci:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-522\" src=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/3-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"416\" height=\"58\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/3-1.png 416w, https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/3-1-300x42.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 416px) 100vw, 416px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i vzdalov\u00e1n\u00ed se od chodce sly\u0161\u00ed \u0159idi\u010d t\u00f3n o frekvenci:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-523\" src=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/4-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"412\" height=\"50\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/4-1.png 412w, https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/4-1-300x36.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 412px) 100vw, 412px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010dem (resp. p\u0159\u00edjemcem \u2013 \u0159idi\u010dem auta) zaznamenan\u00e1 zm\u011bna v\u00fd\u0161ky t\u00f3nu b\u011bhem p\u0159ibli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed i vzdalov\u00e1n\u00ed auta od houkaj\u00edc\u00edho zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho stejn\u00e1, toti\u017e v\u017edy 106 Hz.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fvodem pro rozd\u00edl p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u00e1ch frekvenc\u00ed v\u00a0t\u011bchto obou p\u0159\u00edpadech je, \u017ee zvuk pot\u0159ebuje pro sv\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed m\u00e9dium. T\u00edm je v\u00a0t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edkladech vzduch v\u00a0okol\u00ed. V\u00a0<strong>p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b 1<\/strong> se vys\u00edla\u010d (zdroj zvuku) pohybuje relativn\u011b ke vzduchu, v\u00a0<strong>p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b 2<\/strong> je to p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017eit\u00fd materi\u00e1l \u010derp\u00e1 z knihy:<span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pustet.at\/Christian-Doppler_1_p453.html\">Christian Doppler \u2013 Der f\u00fcr die Menschheit bedeutendste Salzburger<\/a> <\/strong><strong>(Christian Doppler \u2013 Pro <\/strong><strong>lidstvo nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Salcbur\u010dan) <\/strong>Clemens M. Hutter, Verlag Anton Pustet 2017<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/tailor:tailor_content:5df20be12e4b3 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Jin\u00fd pohled na Doppler\u016fv jev<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0161ichni znaj\u00ed Doppler\u016fv jev! Opravdu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00edce ne\u017e 150 let p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e Christian Doppler popsal jev, kter\u00fd po n\u011bm byl pojmenov\u00e1n, a formuloval ho ve vzorc\u00edch, pou\u017eil ho O. R\u00f8mer a jeho kolegov\u00e9 k ur\u010den\u00ed rychlosti sv\u011btla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o obecn\u00e9 znalosti fyziky, \u017ee Doppler\u016fv jev spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v&nbsp;posunu frekvenc\u00ed, kdy\u017e se vys\u00edla\u010d a p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d vln v\u016f\u010di sob\u011b pohybuj\u00ed. Tento fenom\u00e9n nese informaci o jejich vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9m pohybu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale pot\u0159ebujeme opravdu vlny ke komunikaci mezi zdrojem a pozorovatelem? Ne. P\u0159edstavte si maj\u00e1k ot\u00e1\u010dej\u00edc\u00ed se pevn\u011b danou frekvenc\u00ed a vyza\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed siln\u00fd rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00fd paprsek sv\u011btla. Nehybn\u00fd pozorovatel v&nbsp;n\u011bjak\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti od maj\u00e1ku uvid\u00ed pulzy s rovnom\u011brn\u00fdmi intervaly. Uv\u00e1\u017e\u00edme-li v\u0161ak jin\u00e9ho pozorovatele, kter\u00fd se p\u0159ibli\u017euje \u010di vzdaluje, bude se mu frekvence pulz\u016f jevit vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010di ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u2013 stejn\u011b jako frekvence sv\u011bteln\u00e9 vlny popsan\u00e9 \u201eklasick\u00fdm\u201c Dopplerov\u00fdm jevem. V praxi je tento jev sotva patrn\u00fd, proto\u017ee pozorovatel\u00e9 (nap\u0159. lod\u011b) se pohybuj\u00ed jen pomalu. V&nbsp;astronomii byl v\u0161ak u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd po stalet\u00ed\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Koncem 17. stolet\u00ed byly ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 rychlosti a dr\u00e1hy planet kolem Slunce (a tedy i relativn\u00ed rychlosti jednotliv\u00fdch planet) dob\u0159e zn\u00e1my d\u00edky Keplerov\u00fdm z\u00e1kon\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Galileo objevil \u010dty\u0159i nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edce Jupiteru. \u010cas, kter\u00fd je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed k&nbsp;dokon\u010den\u00ed cel\u00e9ho ob\u011bhu nejvnit\u0159n\u011bj\u0161\u00edho z&nbsp;t\u011bchto m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f Io, se d\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159it pomoc\u00ed jeho zmizen\u00ed a zjeven\u00ed zpoza Jupiteru. Po n\u011bkolika letech pe\u010dliv\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se naskytla variace ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 rychlosti, kter\u00e1 se m\u011bnila v&nbsp;pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku! Proto\u017ee v\u0161ak nebylo pochybnosti o spr\u00e1vnosti Newtonov\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f, bylo pot\u0159eba jin\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ole R\u00f8merov\u00fdm skv\u011bl\u00fdm n\u00e1padem bylo, \u017ee sv\u011btlo p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z&nbsp;Io se pohybuje pevnou rychlost\u00ed: variace v&nbsp;pozorovan\u00e9 ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 rychlosti by tedy byly zp\u016fsobeny relativn\u00ed rychlost\u00ed Zem\u011b v\u016f\u010di Jupiteru, kter\u00e1 se v&nbsp;pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku m\u011bnila.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zem\u011b je ke Slunci bl\u00ed\u017ee ne\u017e Jupiter, ob\u00edh\u00e1 kolem Slunce tedy rychleji. V&nbsp;jeden moment se m\u016f\u017ee k&nbsp;Jupiteru p\u0159ibli\u017eovat, jindy zase oddalovat. D\u0159\u00edve zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd maj\u00e1kov\u00fd jev tedy hraje roli i v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Galileova pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edce Io. Ole R\u00f8mer tohoto poznatku vyu\u017eil pro ur\u010den\u00ed rychlosti sv\u011btla. Prvn\u00ed ur\u010den\u00ed rychlosti sv\u011btla nebylo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159esn\u00e9, ale \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b spr\u00e1vn\u00e9, co\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 fyziky v t\u00e9 dob\u011b \u0161okovalo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jeden z&nbsp;nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f m\u016f\u017eeme nal\u00e9zt v&nbsp;sou\u010dasn\u00e9 astronomii. Pulsar PSR1913+16 je neutronov\u00e1 hv\u011bzda ot\u00e1\u010dej\u00edc\u00ed se sedmn\u00e1ctkr\u00e1t za sekundu kolem sv\u00e9 osy a kv\u016fli tomu vys\u00edl\u00e1 r\u00e1diov\u00e9 impulsy v dob\u0159e definovan\u00e9m ku\u017eelu. Kdy\u017e tento ku\u017eel protne Zemi, na\u0161e radioteleskopy zachyt\u00ed r\u00e1diov\u00fd impuls trvaj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bkolik milisekund. Pokud by tento pulsar (ve vzd\u00e1lenosti 22000 sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let od Slunce) byl stacion\u00e1rn\u00ed, m\u011bnila by se frekvence pulz\u016f pouze kv\u016fli ob\u011bhu Zem\u011b kolem Slunce. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, tyto variace jsou mnohem \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a mohutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e bychom \u010dekali.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To, \u010deho astronomov\u00e9 na konci 17. stolet\u00ed dos\u00e1hli, opakovali v&nbsp;druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed Russel Hulse a Joseph Taylor. Variace v&nbsp;\u010dasech dopadu radiov\u00fdch pulz\u016f z PSR1913+16 vysv\u011btlili hypot\u00e9zou, \u017ee tento pulsar tvo\u0159\u00ed bin\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9m s&nbsp;dal\u0161\u00ed neutronovou hv\u011bzdou. Ob\u011b hv\u011bzdy se ot\u00e1\u010d\u00ed kolem spole\u010dn\u00e9ho gravita\u010dn\u00edho st\u0159edu na eliptick\u00fdch ob\u011b\u017en\u00fdch drah\u00e1ch s&nbsp;periodou 7.75 hodiny. V&nbsp;bod\u011b, kdy jsou si nejbl\u00ed\u017ee, je jejich vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 rychlost \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v&nbsp;bod\u011b, kdy jsou si nejvzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 to je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed variac\u00ed \u010das\u016f dopadu jednotliv\u00fdch r\u00e1diov\u00fdch pulz\u016f, kter\u00e9 reprezentuj\u00ed \u201emaj\u00e1kov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly\u201c pro tento Doppler\u016fv jev.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento bin\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9m je pozorov\u00e1n ji\u017e p\u0159es 50 let a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed jsou natolik p\u0159esn\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed \u201emodelov\u00fd syst\u00e9m\u201c pro efekty popsan\u00e9 obecnou teori\u00ed relativity, nap\u0159. relativn\u011b rychlou precesi orientace eliptick\u00fdch drah a jejich \u201esmr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c, tj. ztr\u00e1tu energie vyza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm gravita\u010dn\u00edch vln. Za jejich m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a interpretaci byli Hulse a Taylor odm\u011bn\u011bni Nobelovou cenou za fyziku v&nbsp;roce 1993. Radiov\u00e9 pulzy tvo\u0159en\u00e9 PSR1913+16 reprezentuj\u00ed jedny z&nbsp;nejp\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hodin dne\u0161n\u00ed doby a pom\u00e1haj\u00ed n\u00e1m p\u0159esn\u011bji m\u011b\u0159it rychlost Slunce kolem st\u0159edu na\u0161\u00ed galaxie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na prvn\u00ed pohled nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt rozd\u00edl mezi \u201eklasick\u00fdm\u201c a \u201emaj\u00e1kov\u00fdm\u201c Dopplerov\u00fdm jevem z\u0159ejm\u00fd. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee p\u0159i maj\u00e1kov\u00e9m jevu je nosi\u010dem sign\u00e1lu elektromagnetick\u00e1 vlna (viditeln\u00e9 sv\u011btlo u Io nebo \u0161irokop\u00e1smov\u00e9 radiov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly z PSR1913+16), m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u00edvat ke zmatk\u016fm. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b co maj\u00e1kov\u00fd jev m\u011b\u0159\u00ed, nejsou (t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nem\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9) variace ve frekvenc\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e p\u0159esn\u00e9 doby dopadu t\u011bchto sign\u00e1l\u016f. Aby toto m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed bylo smyslupln\u00e9, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt d\u00e9lka sign\u00e1lu mnohokr\u00e1t krat\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e intervaly mezi pulzy. (Tak je tomu ve dvou v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edkladech). Pokud se pozorovatel bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed k maj\u00e1ku pevnou rychlost\u00ed, budou intervaly mezi dv\u011bma po sob\u011b jdouc\u00edmi impulsy krat\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ve stacion\u00e1rn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, proto\u017ee sv\u011btlo mus\u00ed urazit st\u00e1le krat\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost mezi dv\u011bma po sob\u011b jdouc\u00edmi pozorov\u00e1n\u00edmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Astronomov\u00e9 voln\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed term\u00edn \u201eDoppler\u016fv jev\u201c, kdy\u017e mluv\u00ed o \u010dasov\u00fdch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch sign\u00e1l\u016f v z\u00e1vislosti na relativn\u00edm pohybu vys\u00edla\u010de a p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de.\u00a0 N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed fyzici se proti tomuto pou\u017eit\u00ed ohrazuj\u00ed, proto\u017ee se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee tento efekt je omezen pouze na zm\u011bny frekvence vln\u011bn\u00ed. \u00da\u010delem m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed je v\u017edy ur\u010den\u00ed relativn\u00ed rychlosti vys\u00edla\u010de v\u016f\u010di p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010di, nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed tedy, zda se pou\u017eije vlnov\u00fd nebo maj\u00e1kov\u00fd sign\u00e1l. Ob\u011b techniky si zaslou\u017e\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed \u201eDoppler\u016fv jev\u201c, i kdy\u017e s\u00e1m Doppler si toto pou\u017eit\u00ed v\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm kontextu mo\u017en\u00e1 nep\u0159edstavoval. Doppler ve sv\u00e9m p\u016fvodn\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku prezentovan\u00e9m v roce 1842 hovo\u0159il o \u201evlnov\u00fdch n\u00e1razech\u201c a vzorce odvodil z rozd\u00edlu po\u010dtu kmit\u016f za jednotku \u010dasu pro vys\u00edla\u010d a p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d Vzorce tedy plat\u00ed pro jak\u00e9koliv zdroje \u201evlnov\u00fdch n\u00e1raz\u016f\u201c tedy i pro \u201emaj\u00e1kov\u00fd\u201c Doppler\u016fv jev.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu\/hbase\/Sound\/dopp.html#c1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Further information on the Doppler effect<\/a> | hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><sup>1<\/sup> J.M. Shea, Am.J.Phys, 7\/66, 1998, p. 569<br><sup>2<\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PSR_J1915%2B1606\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PSR_J1915%2B1606<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">P\u0159eklad: Sedl\u00e1\u010dek Ond\u0159ej<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Efekt, kter\u00fd pohnul sv\u011btem Ani ve sv\u00fdch nejodv\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch snech by si vizion\u00e1\u0159 Christian Doppler snad nebyl pomyslil, jak\u00fd v\u00fdznam bude jednou m\u00edt jeho objev pro cel\u00e9 lidstvo, jak\u00e9 vlny vy\u0161le jeho pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eO barevn\u00e9m sv\u011btle dvojhv\u011bzd\u201c z roku 1840. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd jev nepozm\u011bnil na\u0161e vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta tak rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem jako pr\u00e1v\u011b Doppler\u016fv princip. Cit\u00e1ty k Dopplerovu jevu: O. Univ-Prof. Dr. Anton [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5385","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"featured_image_urls_v2":{"full":"","thumbnail":"","medium":"","medium_large":"","large":"","timeline-express":"","timeline-express-thumbnail":"","1536x1536":"","2048x2048":""},"post_excerpt_stackable_v2":"<p>Efekt, kter\u00fd pohnul sv\u011btem Ani ve sv\u00fdch nejodv\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch snech by si vizion\u00e1\u0159 Christian Doppler snad nebyl pomyslil, jak\u00fd v\u00fdznam bude jednou m\u00edt jeho objev pro cel\u00e9 lidstvo, jak\u00e9 vlny vy\u0161le jeho pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eO barevn\u00e9m sv\u011btle dvojhv\u011bzd\u201c z roku 1840. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd jev nepozm\u011bnil na\u0161e vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta tak rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem jako pr\u00e1v\u011b Doppler\u016fv princip. Cit\u00e1ty k Dopplerovu jevu: O. Univ-Prof. Dr. Anton Zeilinger, 2003: Na symp\u00f3ziu v Salcburku, konan\u00e9m u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti 200. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed Dopplerova narozen\u00ed, prohl\u00e1sil prezident Rakousk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd Doppler\u016fv jev za \u201ejev tis\u00edcilet\u00ed\u201c. Albert Einstein, 1909: \u201eJedno, jakou formu nabude teorie elektromagnetick\u00fdch proces\u016f, Doppler\u016fv jev z\u016fstane zachov\u00e1n v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b.\u201c&hellip;<\/p>\n","category_list_v2":"","author_info_v2":{"name":"Technik Admin","url":"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/cs\/author\/wp_admin\/"},"comments_num_v2":"0 comments","coauthors":[],"author_meta":{"author_link":"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/cs\/author\/wp_admin\/","display_name":"Technik Admin"},"relative_dates":{"created":"Posted 4 roky ago","modified":"Updated 2 roky ago"},"absolute_dates":{"created":"Posted on 25. 1. 2022","modified":"Updated on 30. 4. 2024"},"absolute_dates_time":{"created":"Posted on 25. 1. 2022 11:29","modified":"Updated on 30. 4. 2024 11:16"},"featured_img_caption":"","featured_img":false,"series_order":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5385","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5385"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5385\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7218,"href":"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5385\/revisions\/7218"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.christian-doppler.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}